Islam

Following independence, Mauritania adopted the title of the "Islamic Republic of Mauritania"—and for good reason. The vast majority of the population are Muslims of the Sunni tradition. Indeed, the country's constitution explicitly stipulates that Mauritania is an Islamic Republic and that Islam is the sole religion of the State and its citizens.

In this nation, Islam is far more than a simple religion—it is a genuine national institution. Furthermore, according to the Mauritanian constitution, only Muslims can be citizens of the country. The President of the Republic, as guardian of the constitution, must belong to this faith. Any individual who converts to another religion immediately forfeits their citizenship.

For the small handful of practitioners of religions other than Islam, public worship is effectively prohibited. The law is unforgiving on this point. Fortunately, to date, the government has not carried out capital punishment for such infractions.

Despite Islam's overwhelming presence throughout Mauritania, Christianity maintains a tiny foothold. Unofficial sources cite a presence of around 0.26% of the population. For visitors, there is no cause for concern—Mauritanians are remarkably tolerant toward foreigners and respectful of their faith.

Animism

While nearly 100% of the Moorish population adheres to Islam, attachment to traditional beliefs remains deeply rooted across most communities. Among these beliefs is animism, a conviction in the existence of a vital life force inhabiting all living beings. Practitioners of this belief system constantly seek ways to harness these vital forces in hopes of improving their circumstances.

Animism holds particular sway among Moorish farmers. They gather and pray together to ensure strength, prosperity, and fertility for their community. Like all belief systems, animism comes with its own rules and prohibitions. As long as the group respects these taboos, they flourish in their endeavors. Conversely, drought, famine, and illness are interpreted as consequences of transgressing these sacred prohibitions.